CAADCA Section 1798.99.31(b)(2) - No profiling of a child by default (enjoined)
Profiling of children is prohibited by default unless necessary for the actively used feature with safeguards, or demonstrably in children's best interests
Where this comes from
Provision: Section 1798.99.31(b)(2) - No profiling of a child by default (enjoined)
Instrument: California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (AB 2273)
Citation: Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.99.31(b)(2)(A)-(B); 'profiling' as defined in § 1798.99.30(b)(6); AB 2273, Stats. 2022 ch. 320, as amended by SB 1525, Stats. 2024 ch. 80
Text version: Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.99.28-1798.99.40 (AB 2273, Stats. 2022 ch. 320; § 1798.99.31 as amended by SB 1525, Stats. 2024 ch. 80, effective 1 January 2025), leginfo.legislature.ca.gov text retrieved 2026-09-21. Partly enjoined: NetChoice, LLC v. Bonta, No. 25-2366 (9th Cir. 12 Mar. 2026) — see confidenceNotes.
Who it applies to
Likely accessed by children — all of these:
- Service is likely to be accessed by children under 18
Profiling indicator (any) — any one of these:
- Service collects behavioral data
- Service uses content personalization
- Service uses recommendation algorithms
- Service serves targeted advertising
…unless:
- Profiling by default is permitted where the business can demonstrate it has appropriate safeguards in place to protect children AND profiling is necessary to provide the online service, product, or feature requested, and only with respect to the aspects... (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.99.31(b)(2)(A) and (B)(i))
- Profiling by default is permitted where the business can demonstrate appropriate safeguards AND a compelling reason that profiling is in the best interests of children. (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.99.31(b)(2)(A) and (B)(ii))
Scope in the source's own terms
- Service uses profiling of children
- Profiling affects child users
- Service available to California residents
What engineering work it implies
Sample acceptance criteria Landfall generates for this obligation:
- User model has `profilingEnabled` boolean field (default: false)
- Recommendation engine checks profilingEnabled before processing user
- Behavioral tracking skips users with profilingEnabled=false
- Ad targeting excludes users with profilingEnabled=false
- Admin dashboard shows count of users with profiling disabled
Evidence an auditor expects
- Technical controlTechnical audit
Profiling restriction implementation
Code/configuration showing profiling disabled for child users except where strictly necessary
- Policy documentDocument review
Profiling policy for children
Policy documenting any profiling of children with necessity justification
Questions people ask
- Does CAADCA Section 1798.99.31(b)(2) - No profiling of a child by default (enjoined) apply to my service?
- It applies when Service is likely to be accessed by children under 18; and at least one of: Service collects behavioral data; Service uses content personalization; Service uses recommendation algorithms; Service serves targeted advertising. It does not apply where Profiling by default is permitted where the business can demonstrate it has appropriate safeguards in place to protect children AND profiling is necessary to provide the online service, product, or feature requested, and only with respect to the aspects... (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.99.31(b)(2)(A) and (B)(i)).
- From when does this apply?
- CAADCA Section 1798.99.31(b)(2) - No profiling of a child by default (enjoined) applies from 1 July 2024. Its current status is: passed, not yet in force.
- What evidence does an auditor expect?
- Profiling restriction implementation; Profiling policy for children.
Find out whether this one lands on you
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Not legal advice. Landfall maps regulatory obligations to engineering work for planning purposes. Its verdicts are not legal advice and create no attorney-client relationship — verify with qualified counsel before relying on them.